Publication: WS Swindell, K Bojanowski and RK Chaudhuri, A standardized Terminalia chebula fruit extract alters the expression of genes associated with skin architecture and barrier formation, European J Dermatology, 2020, doi: 10.1684/ejd.2020.3882
Abstract: Genome-wide expression responses to a standardized tannin-enriched extract, called Synastol® TC, were investigated in three-dimensional reconstituted human skin tissues through microarray studies. TC responses were the opposite to those observed in cells exposed to oxidative stress, solar-simulated UV radiation, and wounding, with increased expression of genes associated with water homeostasis, skin barrier establishment, blood vessel development, and circadian rhythms when compared to tissues treated with water. Also, the key keratinocyte (KC) differentiation makers FLG & LOR and hydration marker AQP9 were further confirmed at mRNA and protein levels. Consistent with these results, TC increased the expression of transcription factors regulating KC differentiation (FOS, GHRL3, PPARG) as well as key genes involved in skin architecture, such as collagens (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL6A6, COL6A3, COL6A1), proteoglycans (PRELP, OGN), and other matrisomes. Interestingly, recent studies showed that Collagen type VI plays a dual role in ECM functions and also has innate immune functions with activity against S. aureus, S.pneumonia, E. coli & P. aeruginosa. In separate assays, TC also inhibited MMP enzymes (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-12).
Overall, the results from these studies validate that Synastol® TC stimulates positive modifications within skin that are not merely superficial but deep and multi-targeted. The combined targeting of several endpoints provides better chances of delivering true benefits in skin, in sharp contrast to the old one-product-one-target dogma (mostly from undefined extracts) that currently permeates the cosmetic industry.
About Synastol® TC: Terminalia chebula fruit extract is a well-known herb in Ayruveda and is well explored for its benefits. In Tibetans, TC is highly revered for its purifying attributes; in fact, its fruit is depicted in the hands of the medicine Budha. Synastol® TC is a standardized hydrolysable tannin-enriched Terminalia chebula fruit extract. The water-soluble extract contains >60% hydrolysable tannins including Chebulinic and Chebulagic acids. Both components provide long-lasting antioxidant properties and work through biological mechanisms that provide preventative and restorative anti-aging and skin-toning benefits.
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